• In December 1992, the United States warned Serbia that the United States would respond in the event of Serb-inspired violence in Kosovo.
• In early 1993, UN peacekeepers deployed to the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM).The United States decided to participate in order to prevent a widening of the conflict.Five hundred fifty U.S.troops, as well as five hundred fifty troops from other nations, remain in the FYROM.
• In May 1993, the UN declared Sarajevo and five other Muslim enclaves "safe areas" under UN protection.NATO agreed in June to use air power to protect UN forces if attacked.
• In August 1993, NATO declared its readiness to respond with air strikes, in coordination with the UN, in the event that UN safe areas, including Sarajevo, came under siege.This decision temporarily ended the strangulation of Sarajevo.
• In February 1994, in response to a Bosnian Serb attack killing 68 civilians in a Sarajevo marketplace, NATO issued an ultimatum that if Bosnian Serb heavy weapons were not withdrawn from UN-monitored exclusion zones around the capital, Bosnian Serb forces would be subject to air strikes.
• In early 1994, with UN-EU diplomatic efforts stalled over territorial issues, the United States began more active efforts to encourage a settlement.
• In March 1994, U.S. mediation produced an agreement between the Bosnian Government, Bosnian Croats, and the Government of Croatia to establish a Federation between Muslims and Croats in Bosnia. Fighting between the two sides ceased and has not resumed.
• In April 1994, NATO employed its first air strikes against Bosnian Serb forces to halt a Serb attack on the eastern enclave and UN safe area of Gorazde.
• In the spring of 1994, the United States, Russia, Britain, France, and Germany established a five-nation Contact Group, with the goal of brokering a settlement between the Federation and Bosnian Serbs.
• In late 1994, new fighting erupted between the Bosnian Government, anti-government Muslims in Bihac (support by Krajina Serbs), and Bosnian Serbs.NATO responded by expanding the range for air strikes into Serb-controlled Croatia.
• In December 1994, with the help of former President Jimmy Carter, the sides agreed to a four-month cessation of hostilities. When the period expired, fighting resumed, and in May, the Bosnian Serb forces began renewed attacks on Sarajevo and began threatening Srebrenica.
• In the spring of 1995, Bosnian Serb forces responded to NATO air strikes by taking more than 350 UN peacekeepers hostage. Serbia intervened to help negotiate the release of hostages. On June 8, United States and Allied forces rescued a U.S. pilot, Captain Scott O'Grady, who had been shot down over Bosnia on June 2.
• In July 1995, In response to the fall of the safe areas of Srebrenica and Zepa, President Clifton insisted that NATO and the UN make good on their commitment to protect the remaining safe areas.The Allies agreed to U.S. insistence on NATO decisiveness at

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